Last updated on January 7th, 2022 at 02:27 pm

 Aircraft Advanced Composite Materials

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Aircraft Composite Materials (230811 Questions)

Category A  – Turbine Aeroplane Exams ( 108 questions 135 min),
Category B1 – Turbine Aeroplane Exams ( 140 questions 175 min),
Category A – Piston Aeroplane Exams ( 72 questions 90 min),
Category B1– Piston Aeroplane Exams ( 100 questions 125 min),
Category B3 – Piston Aeroplane Exams ( 60 questions 75 min),
Category A  – Helicopter Aerodynamics Exams ( 100 questions 125 min),
Category B1– Helicopter Aerodynamics Exams ( 128 questions 160 min),
Category B2 – Aircraft Aerodynamics Exams ( 128 questions 180 min),

Chapter 01: Aircraft Structures (70 pages),
Chapter 02: Aerodynamics, Aircraft Assembly, and Rigging (70 pages),
Chapter 03: Aircraft Fabric Covering ( 24 pages),
Chapter 04: Aircraft Metal Structural Repair ( 114pages),
Chapter 05: Aircraft Welding ( 38 pages),
Chapter 06: Aircraft Wood and Structural Repair ( 28 pages),
Chapter 07: Advanced Composite Material ( 58 pages),
Chapter 08: Aircraft Painting and Finishing ( 22 pages),
Chapter 09: Aircraft Electrical System ( 106 pages),
Chapter 10: Aircraft Instrument Systems (86pages),
Chapter 11: Communication and Navigation (78 pages),
Chapter 12: Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems (54 pages),
Chapter 13: Aircraft Landing Gear Systems (96 pages),
Chapter 14: Aircraft Fuel System (62 pages),
Chapter 15: Ice and Rain Protection (32 pages),
Chapter 16: Cabin Environmental Control Systems (62 pages),
Chapter 17: Fire Protection Systems (22 pages),

Aircraft Advanced Composite Material

Composite materials consist of a combination of materials Aircraft Composite Materials that are mixed together to achieve specific structural properties. The individual materials do not dissolve or merge Advanced Composite Material completely in the composite, but they act together as one.
Normally, the components can be physically identified as they Advanced Composite Material interface with one another. The properties of the composite Advanced Composite Material material are superior to the properties of the individual
materials from which it is constructed.
An Aircraft Composite Materials is made of a fibrous material Advanced Composite Material embedded in a resin matrix, generally laminated with fibers oriented in alternating directions to give the material strength Advanced Composite Material and stiffness. Fibrous materials are not new; wood is the most common fibrous structural material known to man.
Applications of composites on aircraft include:
• Fairings
• Flight control surfaces
• Landing gear doors
• Leading and trailing edge panels on the wing and stabilizer
• Interior components
• Floor beams and floor boards
• Vertical and horizontal stabilizer primary structure on large aircraft
• Primary wing and fuselage structure on new generation large aircraft
• Turbine engine fan blades
• Propellers
Major Components of a Laminate An isotropic material has uniform properties in all directions.
The measured properties of an isotropic material are independent of the axis of testing. Metals such as aluminum Advanced Composite Material and titanium are examples of isotropic materials.
A fiber is the primary load carrying element of the composite material. The composite material is only strong and stiff in the direction of the fibers. Unidirectional composites have Aircraft Advanced Composite Materials predominant mechanical properties in one direction and are said to be anisotropic, having mechanical and/or physical properties that vary with direction relative to natural reference axes inherent in the material. Components made from fiberreinforced Aircraft Composite Materials composites can be designed so that the fiber orientation produces optimum mechanical properties, but they can only approach the true isotropic nature of metals, such as aluminum and titanium.

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Last updated on January 7th, 2022 at 02:27 pm

 Aircraft Wood and Structural Repair

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Aircraft Structures (230811 Questions)

Category A  – Turbine Aeroplane Exams ( 108 questions 135 min),
Category B1 – Turbine Aeroplane Exams ( 140 questions 175 min),
Category A – Piston Aeroplane Exams ( 72 questions 90 min),
Category B1– Piston Aeroplane Exams ( 100 questions 125 min),
Category B3 – Piston Aeroplane Exams ( 60 questions 75 min),
Category A  – Helicopter Aerodynamics Exams ( 100 questions 125 min),
Category B1– Helicopter Aerodynamics Exams ( 128 questions 160 min),
Category B2 – Aircraft Aerodynamics Exams ( 128 questions 180 min),

Chapter 01: Aircraft Structures (70 pages),
Chapter 02: Aerodynamics, Aircraft Assembly, and Rigging (70 pages),
Chapter 03: Aircraft Fabric Covering ( 24 pages),
Chapter 04: Aircraft Metal Structural Repair ( 114pages),
Chapter 05: Aircraft Welding ( 38 pages),
Chapter 06: Aircraft Wood and Structural Repair ( 28 pages),
Chapter 07: Advanced Composite Material ( 58 pages),
Chapter 08: Aircraft Painting and Finishing ( 22 pages),
Chapter 09: Aircraft Electrical System ( 106 pages),
Chapter 10: Aircraft Instrument Systems (86pages),
Chapter 11: Communication and Navigation (78 pages),
Chapter 12: Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems (54 pages),
Chapter 13: Aircraft Landing Gear Systems (96 pages),
Chapter 14: Aircraft Fuel System (62 pages),
Chapter 15: Ice and Rain Protection (32 pages),
Chapter 16: Cabin Environmental Control Systems (62 pages),
Chapter 17: Fire Protection Systems (22 pages),

Aircraft Wood and Structural Repair

Wood rot and dry spoil are normally simple to distinguish. Rot might be apparent as either a staining or a conditioning of the wood. Dry decay is a term inexactly applied to numerous sorts of rot, however particularly to a condition that, in a progressed
organize, grants the wood to be squashed to a dry powder. The term is really a misnomer for any rot, since all parasites require extensive dampness for development.
Dim stains of the wood or dark stains running along the grain are characteristic of water entrance. Assuming such staining can’t be evacuated by light scratching, supplant the part. Negligence neighborhood recoloring of the wood by color from a manufactured cement hardener aircraft wood.
In certain cases where water entrance is suspected, a scarcely any sinks expelled rom the region question uncover, by their level of erosion, the state of the encompassing
Another strategy for recognizing water entrance is to expel the jolts holding the fittings at fight root-end joints, aileron pivot sections, and so on. Erosion on the outside of such jolts what’s more, wood staining give a helpful sign of water
infiltration aircraft wood.
Plain metal screws are typically utilized for strengthening stuck wooden individuals. For hardwoods, for example, mahogany or debris, Palatable paste joints in airplane ought to build up the full quality of the wood under all states of pressure.
To create this outcome, the conditions engaged with the sticking activity must be deliberately controlled to acquire a nonstop, slight, uniform film of strong paste in the joint with satisfactory bond to the two surfaces of the wood. These conditions required: The surfaces to be joined must be spotless, dry, and free from oil, oil, wax, paint, and so on. Keep huge arranged surfaces secured with a plastic sheet or covering paper before the holding activity. It is fitting to clean all surfaces with a vacuum cleaner only before glue application aircraft wood.
Except if in any case determined by the airplane producer, a harmed fight might be grafted at practically any point with the exception of at wing connection fittings, landing gear fittings, motor mount fittings, or lift-and-interplane swagger fittings. These fittings may not cover any piece of the join. The fortification plates of the join ought not meddle with the correct connection or then again arrangement of the fittings. Decrease support plates on the closures aircraft wood.

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Last updated on January 7th, 2022 at 02:27 pm

 Aircraft Welding

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Aircraft Welding and Structures (230811 Questions)

Category A  – Turbine Aeroplane Exams ( 108 questions 135 min),
Category B1 – Turbine Aeroplane Exams ( 140 questions 175 min),
Category A – Piston Aeroplane Exams ( 72 questions 90 min),
Category B1– Piston Aeroplane Exams ( 100 questions 125 min),
Category B3 – Piston Aeroplane Exams ( 60 questions 75 min),
Category A  – Helicopter Aerodynamics Exams ( 100 questions 125 min),
Category B1– Helicopter Aerodynamics Exams ( 128 questions 160 min),
Category B2 – Aircraft Aerodynamics Exams ( 128 questions 180 min),

Chapter 01: Aircraft Structures (70 pages),
Chapter 02: Aerodynamics, Aircraft Assembly, and Rigging (70 pages),
Chapter 03: Aircraft Fabric Covering ( 24 pages),
Chapter 04: Aircraft Metal Structural Repair ( 114pages),
Chapter 05: Aircraft Welding ( 38 pages),
Chapter 06: Aircraft Wood and Structural Repair ( 28 pages),
Chapter 07: Advanced Composite Material ( 58 pages),
Chapter 08: Aircraft Painting and Finishing ( 22 pages),
Chapter 09: Aircraft Electrical System ( 106 pages),
Chapter 10: Aircraft Instrument Systems (86pages),
Chapter 11: Communication and Navigation (78 pages),
Chapter 12: Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power Systems (54 pages),
Chapter 13: Aircraft Landing Gear Systems (96 pages),
Chapter 14: Aircraft Fuel System (62 pages),
Chapter 15: Ice and Rain Protection (32 pages),
Chapter 16: Cabin Environmental Control Systems (62 pages),
Chapter 17: Fire Protection Systems (22 pages),

Introduction

It was standard practice in the past to select a lens shade for gas welding based on the brightness of flame emitting from the torch. The darkest shade of lens showing a clear definition of the work was normally the most desirable. However, when flux was used for brazing and welding, the torch heat caused the sodium in the flux to give off a brilliant yellow-orange flare, hiding a clear view of the weld area and causing many eye problems aircraft-welding.
Various types of lens and colors were tried for periods of time without much success. It was not until the late 1980s that TM Technologies developed and patented a new green glass designed especially for aluminum oxy-fuel welding. It not only eliminated the sodium orange flare completely, but also provided the necessary protection from ultraviolet, infrared, and blue light, and impact to meet the requirements of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z87-1989 Safety Standards for a special purpose lens. This lens can be used for welding and brazing all metals using an oxy-fuel torch.
Torch Lighters Torch lighters are called friction lighters or flint strikers. The lighter consists of a file-shaped piece of steel, usually recessed in a cuplike device, and a replaceable flint, which, when drawn across the steel, produces a shower of sparks to light the fuel gas. An open flame or match should never be used The use of the proper type of filler rod is very important for oxy-acetylene welding. This material adds not only reinforcement to the weld area, but also desired properties to the finished weld. By selecting the proper rod, tensile strength or ductility can be secured in a weld. Similarly, the proper rod can help retain the desired amount of corrosion resistance. In some cases, a suitable rod with a lower melting point helps
to avoid cracks caused by expansion and contraction aircraft-welding.
Welding rods may be classified as ferrous or nonferrous. Ferrous rods include carbon and alloy steel rods, as well as cast-iron rods. Nonferrous rods include brass, aluminum, magnesium, copper, silver, and their various alloys.
Welding rods are manufactured in standard 36-inch lengths and in diameters from 1⁄16-inch to 3⁄8-inch. The diameter of the rod to be used is governed by the thickness of the metals to be joined. If the rod is too small, it cannot conduct heat away from the puddle rapidly enough, and a burned hole results aircraft-welding.
A rod too large in diameter draws heat away and chills the puddle, resulting in poor penetration of the joined metal. All filler rods should be cleaned prior to use.

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